Beltéri saláta termesztés lehetőségének vizsgálata természetes erdőtalajon limitált öntözéssel

Indoor farming in the global vertical farming market has been growing by more than 8% annually since 2010 and 31.6% growth is expected by 2025. It promises to be a possible future form of agricultural practices producing local, fresh, high quality, lower-carbon food year-round. Indoor farming experiment was designed to using LED and neon lights and water source of a dehumidifier. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) was grown for 12 weeks in a naturally available forest surface soil, including its native biodiversity and biological activity. Two different levels of water supply were used, full- at 66%- and half- at 33% of the total water-holding capacity (WHC100%) of soil. Some of the physical-chemical, and soil-biological parameters, such as dehydrogenase- (DHA) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) enzyme activities and the most probable number (MPN) of fungi and bacteria were assessed prior to and after lettuce cultivation. Although the abundance of countable microorganisms decreased appreciably by the end of the lettuce experiment, the growth of plants could result in an enhanced soil-biological enzyme activity of the used natural soil. DHA increased 4.2-fold at drought condition, and 2-fold at the optimal water supply. One can conclude that used natural forest soil with great fertility and biodiversity potential can provide a good facility for the indoor lettuce cultivation. Reduction of water supply can be further optimized with the required biomass-production of lettuce.A beltéri termesztés a globális vertikális kertészeti ágazatban évente több mint 8%-os intenzitással növekszik 2010- óta és 2025-re már ehhez képest 31.6%-os növekedéssel számolhatunk. Ez a technológia a városiasodással párhuzamosan a jövő egyik mezőgazdasági megoldását ígéri az emberiség számára, melyet évszaktól és időjárástól függetlenül bárhol alkalmazhatunk, és ezek a rendszerek helyben szolgáltatnak friss, magas minőségű, kisebb karbonlábnyomú élelmiszert folyamatosan az év során. Az itt bemutatott beltéri termesztési kísérlethez LED- és neon-világítást, valamint páramentesítőből származó vizet használtunk. Termesztőközegként helyben elérhető erdei feltalajt alkalmaztunk amin salátát (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) termesztettünk 12 héten keresztül használva annak természetesen magas biodiverzitását és biológiai aktivitás-szintjét. Összehasonlítottuk két eltérő mértékű vízellátottság, a teljes- (66%-os) és a fél- (33%-os) teljes szárazföldi vízkapacitás (WHC100%) melletti termesztési eredményeket. Vizsgáltuk a termesztés során a talaj fiziko-kémiai és biológiai tulajdonságait. A talaj dehidrogenáz (DHA) és fluoreszcein-diacetát (FDA) enzimaktivitás értékeit a termesztés előtt és a termesztés végeztével mértük, a baktériumok és a gombák kitenyészthető legvalószínűbb számával (MPN) együtt. Eredményeink megnövekedett talajbiológiai aktivitást mutattak a termesztést követően. Habár a mikroorganizmusok száma csökkent, a DHA enzimaktivitás jelentős mértékű növekedést mutatott mindkét vízellátottsági szint mellett. A szárazság-stressznél 4.2-szeres, az optimális vízellátottság mellett 2-szeres mértékű növekedést tapasztaltunk. Eredményeink alapján a beltéri, organikus salátatermesztéshez az adott helyi erdőtalaj jól használható lehetőséget adott. A saláta biomassza-tömegét és a vízhasználatot azonban tovább szükséges optimalizálni

The Effect of Molasses Application on Soil Biological Indicators and Maize Growth of Different Tillage Soil: A Pot Experiment

Soil enzyme activity and labile carbon (LC) have long been used as soil health indicators. Soil health can be improved by molasses addition resulting in better plant growth and productivity. The effect of molasses on soil biological activity and plant growth under different tillage soil has not been discussed in many studies in Hungary. We assessed two soil types under different long-term tillage practices: conservation tillage (CT), which leaves 30% or more residue on the soil surface, and conventional-ploughing tillage (PT). A pot experiment with maize as the crop was carried out using the composite soil (0-20 cm) of CT and PT; a randomized block design with four replications was employed. Three levels of molasses concentration, 0 g L-1, 0.05 g L-1, and 0.2 g L-1 were applied. LC, dehydrogenase (DHA), β-glucosidase activity, plant height, and dry weight biomass were measured at the end of the experiment (after eight weeks). The results indicated that LC in CT increased by 7.61-21.23% over the increase in molasses concentration. LC concentration was significantly higher in the CT than in the PT soil. β-glucosidase activity increased along with the increase of molasses concentration by 11.42-30.43% in CT and 16.03-56.67% in PT; however, the significantly different appeared only in PT soil. The molasses application affected the DHA as well. The activity of dehydrogenase increases by 39.49-80.76% and 30.43-50.59%, respectively, in CT and PT. Nevertheless, no significance occurred in the tillage system or the molasses concentration. Our study also found that the different molasses concentrations did not affect the plant height and dry weight biomass in CT and PT. However, applying each molasses concentration in CT markedly escalated the plant height and dry weight biomass compared to PT. The enhancement of soil biological activity and plant growth by the molasses application allows a promising strategy for maintaining the soil health of agricultural land

The effects of detritus inputs on soil organic matter content and carbon-dioxide emission in a Central European deciduous forest.

A major objective of our research was to survey s oil biological activity and organic matter content reduction in a Central European oak forest during treatments of various detritus inputs within the Síkf ő kút DIRT ( Detritus Input and Removal Treatments ) Project. Beside the control, three detritus removal and two detritus duplication treatments wer e applied. Our examinations have proven that soil organic matter content declined relatively fast in detritus removal treatments. The reduction was especially remarkable in root detritus removal trea tments, where – due to the lack of transpiration – soils were moister during the whole year than in the othe r treatments. The higher moisture content, despite of the reduction of detritus input, produced an intens e soil respiration. This can be explained by the fa ct that decomposing organisms have increased the use of soi l organic matter. Detritus input reduction had a significantly greater effect on soil respiration an d organic matter content than detritus input duplic ation of the same extent. The latter did not cause any si gnificant change compared to the control

Effects of Climate Change on Litter Production in a Quercetum petraeae-cerris Forest in Hungary

Climate change is a global problem. During the last century the increase of annual averagetemperature was 0.68°C, while the decrease of annual average of precipitation was 83 mm in Hungary.According to the long term meteorological data of Síkfkút forest ILTER site the annual averagetemperature increased while average of yearly precipitation decreased, the forest climate becamewarmer and dryer. These processes could considerably contribute to forest decline, not only in theQuercetum petraeae-cerris stand of Síkfkút, but everywhere in the country. Species composition andstructure of the forest have changed considerably, as 68% of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and 16% ofTurkey oak (Quercus cerris) have died. Forest decline resulted in the breaking up of the formerlyclosed canopy, and consequently, in the formation of gaps in the forest. In the gaps, a secondary canopy developed with tree species of less forestry value. As a consequence, mass regeneration of field maple (Acer campestre) appeard in the gaps. The formation of gaps accelerated the warming and aridity of forests. In the article we answer the following question: how did climatic change and changing forest structure influence the leaf-litter production in the last four decades

The Effects of Detritus Input on Soil Organic Matter Content and Carbon Dioxide Emission in a Central European Deciduous Forest

A major objective of our research was to survey soil biological activity and organic mattercontent reduction in a Central European oak forest during treatments of various detritus inputs within theSíkfkút DIRT (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) Project. Beside the control, three detritusremoval and two detritus duplication treatments were applied. Our examinations have proven that soilorganic matter content declined relatively fast in detritus removal treatments. The reduction wasespecially remarkable in root detritus removal treatments, where – due to the lack of transpiration – soilswere moister during the whole year than in the other treatments. The higher moisture content, despite ofthe reduction of detritus input, produced an intense soil respiration. This can be explained by the fact thatdecomposing organisms have increased the use of soil organic matter. Detritus input reduction had asignificantly greater effect on soil respiration and organic matter content than detritus input duplicationof the same extent. The latter did not cause any significant change compared to the control